ESDU A-Z Index: W-WH

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

| W-WH | wi-wz |

Wagner

Functions for Indicial Aerodynamics: aerofoils and isolated or combined lifting surfaces, 84020

Wakes

see also: Downwash; Response of Buildings and Structures; Response of Buildings and Structures To Vortex Shedding; Slipstream; Trailing Vortex Drag; Vortex Shedding; Vortices

Aerofoils: curvature effects on aerodynamic characteristics, 76002; estimation of pressure recovery, 76002; estimation of thickness, 76002
Wings: velocity distribution, AERO W.05.01.01

Warping Constants

Introduction, STRUCT 00.07.00

Primary

see: Channel Sections with Lips turned inwards; Channel Sections with Lips turned outwards; Z-Sections

Secondary

see: Angle Sections with Bulbs

Water

see also: Aqueous Solutions; Distilled Water; Heat Pipes; Sea Water; Steam

Absorption in Polymers and Thermosets: effect on dimensions, 87007
Accumulation of rainfall on runway surfaces, 19005
Critical Density, 68008, 68010, 78039, 78040, 79017
Density: pressure and temperature variation for saturated gas and liquid, 77016, 78018, 80017; pressure variation in gaseous and liquid states, 68010; temperature variation in gaseous, liquid and solid states, 68010
Dynamic Viscosity: pressure and temperature variation for saturated gas and liquid, 77016, 78018, 78040, 80017; pressure and temperature variation in gaseous and liquid states, 78040
Effect of Different Sources on Fouling in Cooling Water Systems, 88024
Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate: aluminium alloy sheet, 88007
Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Ducts: charts for rapid evaluation in turbulent flow in circular section, 81044
Kinematic Viscosity: pressure and temperature variation for saturated gas and liquid, 78040
Molecular Weight, AERO 00.01.08
Prandtl Number: pressure and temperature variation for saturated gas and liquid, 79017; pressure and temperature variation in gaseous and liquid states, 79017
Rate of Change With Pressure of Specific Enthalpy: pressure variation for saturated liquid, 78018
Rate of Change With Pressure of Specific Enthalpy of Vaporisation: pressure variation for saturated liquid, 78018
Specific Enthalpy: pressure and temperature variation for saturated gas, 77016
Specific Enthalpy of Vaporisation: pressure and temperature variation at saturation, 78018
Specific Heat Capacity: pressure and temperature variation for saturated liquid, 68008, 80017; pressure variation in gaseous and liquid states, 68008; temperature variation in gaseous, liquid and solid states, 68008
Specific Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure: pressure variation in gaseous state, 68008; temperature variation in gaseous and solid states, 68008
Specific Heat Capacity Ratio: temperature variation in gaseous state, AERO 00.01.08
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation: pressure and temperature variation at saturation, 80017
Suitability of Various Dry Rubbing Materials for Use in: carbon, polymer, thermoset, solid lubricant impregnated metal, 87007
Surface Tension: pressure and temperature variation at saturation, 80005
Thermal Conductivity: pressure and temperature variation for saturated liquid, 78039, 80017; pressure variation in gaseous and liquid states, 78039; temperature variation in gaseous state, 78039, 99005; temperature variation in liquid and solid states, 78039
Vapour Pressure: variation along saturation curve, 68008, 68010, 78039, 78040, 80017

Water Conservation in Process Plants

Single Contaminant (Including Total Solids, Biological or Chemical Oxygen Demand) Conditions: calculation of minimum fresh water demand; calculation of spare water capacity for use elsewhere on site; classification of operations according to contaminant level; composite curve and pinch definition using water line; economic considerations; guide to use of program; including water demands and supplies; network design using remaining problem analysis; network simplification; plot of contaminant level against total contaminant flowrate; use of regenerated water for recycling or use elsewhere

Water-Covered Runways

Accumulation of rainfall on runway surfaces, 19005

Drag Due to Impingement on Airframe of Tyre Sidespray

see: Impingement Drag

Drag on Aircraft Tyres Running on

see: Aircraft Tyres

Planing of an Aircraft Tyre, 15003, 15009

Pressure Under Tyre Footprint on Wet Surface, TM 211

Water Hammer

see: Pipes with Internal Flow; Pressure Transients in Liquid Internal Flow

Water-Lubricated Journal Bearings

see: Journal Bearings

Water Solutions

see: Aqueous Solutions

Water Vapour

see also: Water

Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation Rate: aluminium alloy plate and sheet, 88007
In Atmosphere: effect on solar radiation, 69015; variation with altitude and location, 69015; variation with season, 69015

Wave Drag

see also: Intakes; Interference Wave Drag; Optimum Wave Drag; Pressure Drag

Aerofoils: comparison of results from VGK with results from experiment, 96028; deduction from pressure distribution data, 87003; designs for given Mach number at onset, 71019, 71020; designs for weak shock waves, 78010; effect of leading- or trailing-edge sealed control or flap deflection, 96028, 96029; estimation in viscous transonic flow, 96028, 96029; Mach number for onset, TD MEMO 6407; supercritical creep, TD MEMO 6407
Biconvex Aerofoils, AERO W.S.00.03.04
Bodies: brief discussion, AERO B.S.02.03.01
Cowls: variation with geometry and Mach number (NACA 1-series and with larger lip radius), 81024; variation with Mach number and mass flow ratio (NACA 1-series and modified profiles), 94014
Derivation of Transonic Area Rule, AERO A.S.02.03.01
Discussion of, AERO W.S.00.03.03
Discussion of Calculation in Supersonic Flow for Wing-Body Combination, AERO A.S.02.03.01: moment of area and transfer rules, AERO A.S.02.03.01; theoretical drag rise at zero lift and area distribution for, AERO A.02.03.02
Double-Wedge Aerofoils, AERO W.S.00.03.04, AERO W.S.00.03.05
External at Zero Incidence: ducted afterbodies and forebodies of elliptical cross section, AERO B.S.02.03.02; ducted conical and parabolic forebodies, AERO B.S.02.03.02; truncated conical and parabolic afterbodies, AERO B.S.02.03.02
Forebodies at Zero Incidence in Transonic Flow: blunted conical, 83017, 89033; blunted parabolic, 79004; blunted secant ogive, 83017; blunted tangent ogive, 79004, 89033; conical, 83017; ellipsoidal, 79004; hemispherical, 79004; optimum blunting of conical and tangent ogive for minimum, 89033; secant ogive, 83017; tangent ogive, 79004
Nose Blunting on Flat Plates, AERO W.S.02.03.10
Rectangular Planform Fairings: parabolic arc, 71018; ramp, 71018; two- or three-slope, 71018
Rectangular Wings, 71018, 75004, AERO W.S.02.03.09
Spanwise Variation on Swept and Tapered Wings: calculation from surface curvature, shock sweep and local Mach number, 87003
Treatment in Drag Estimation Methods, 97016
Wing-Body Combination: relationship to that of basic aerofoil, 78009
Wing Design Process in Transonic Flow to Minimise, 97017
Wings With Rounded Leading Edges: adaptation of charts of drag-rise Mach number for aerofoils, 72027
Wings With Sharp Leading Edges: biconvex section, 75004; double-wedge section, 75004

Wave Speed

Pressure Waves in Liquid-Filled Pipes or Tunnels

see: Pressure Transients in Liquid Internal Flow

Waviness

see: Cavities

Surface: effect on transition, AERO W.02.04.11

Waxes

see: Petroleum Waxes

Weapons Bay

see: Cavities

Wear

see also: Cams; Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication; Specific Wear Rate; Wear Resistant Surface Coatings and Treatments

Choice of Filter Rating to Avoid, 83030

Tyre Tread Effect on Tyre/Runway Coefficient of Friction

see: Friction Coefficient

Wear Resistant Surface Coatings and Treatments

Advantages and Limitations of Various Techniques, 86040
Considerations of Component Shape and Required Finish, 86040
Discussion of Wear Mechanisms: abrasive (or adhesive), chemical (corrosive) or fatigue, 86040
Selection Process, 86040
Survey of Characteristics of Various Techniques: bond strength, 86040; corrosion resistance and porosity, 86040; cost, 86040; depth of treatment and hardness, 86040; maximum service temperature, 86040; rate of formation, 86040; treatment temperature, 86040
Use to Reduce Wear in Cams, 94017

Weber

see: Kuchemann-Weber Compressibility Factor; Kuchemann-Weber Formula

Wedges

see: Boundary Layer; Double-Wedge Sections; Equilibrium Surface Temperature; Forced Convection Heat Transfer; Overturning Moment on Surface-Mounted Structures; Profile Drag; Shock Detachment Conditions; Skin Friction Drag; Sonic Flow

Weibull Probability Distribution

Extreme-Value Analysis, 87034
Fatigue Analysis, 21004

Welded Attachments in Aluminium Alloys

Fatigue Strength Under Axial Loading of Non-Load Carrying Fillet, 92017: effect of alloy composition, 92017

Welded Cover Plates on Steel I-Beams

see also: Steels; Welded Joints in Steels

Fatigue Strength Under Bending, 81007: discussion of effect of cover plate dimensions, 81007; position of failure, 81007

Welded Joints in Steels

see also: Steels; Welded Longitudinal Joints in Steels Under Axial Loading; Welded Transverse Joints in Steels Under Axial Loading; Welded Transverse Joints in Steels Under Bending

Fatigue Strength: comparison of calculated (using fracture mechanics) with experimental, 87016; effect of attachment size, 87016; effect of mean stress, 86013; effect of plate thickness, 87016; effect of residual stresses and thermal stress relieving, 86013; factors affecting, 86013; guidance on design against, 86013; independence of parent material, 86013; size effect and explanation, 86013, 87016; sources of failure in various joint types, 86013; weld classes following BS 5400 and use in estimating performance, 86013
Improving Fatigue Strength by Post-Weld Treatment: discussion of limitations of methods, 78016; effect of mechanical stress relieving, 78016; effect of profile grinding, 78016, 78023; effect of thermal stress relieving, 78016, 86013; effect of tungsten-inert-gas (TIG) weld run, 78016

Welded Longitudinal Joints in Aluminium Alloys

Fatigue Strength of Load Carrying Cover Plate Under Axial Loading, 92017: effect of alloy composition, 92017; effect of mean stress, 92017; effect of plate thickness, 92017

Welded Longitudinal Joints in Steels Under Axial Loading

see also: Steels; Welded Joints in Steels

Fatigue Strength of Double-Angle and Double-Strap (Load Carrying), 76007: discussion of choice of strap cross section, 76007; discussion of effect of mean stress, 76007; discussion of effect of residual stresses, 76007; discussion of effect of weld leg length, 76007; location of failure and crack type, 76007
Fatigue Strength of Double-Sided Stiffened (Non-Load Carrying), 76007: discussion of effect of mean stress, 76007; discussion of effect of residual stresses, 76007; effect of welding across end of stiffener, 76007; location of failure, 76007; statistical analysis of data, 76007
Fatigue Strength of Egg-Box (Load Carrying), 76007: discussion of effect of mean stress, 76007; discussion of effect of residual stresses, 76007; discussion of effect of weld leg length, 76007; location of failure and crack type, 76007
Fatigue Strength of Flange-Stiffened (Non-Load Carrying), 76007: discussion of effect of mean stress, 76007; discussion of effect of residual stresses, 76007; location of failure, 76007
Fatigue Strength of Flange-to-Web in I-Beams and T-Sections: automatic or manual continuous welds, or intermittent welds (cope holes), 76032; discussion of effect of residual stresses, 76032; effect of depth of penetration, 76032; location of failure, 76032
Fatigue Strength of Single-Sided Stiffened (Non-Load Carrying), 76007: discussion of effect of mean stress, 76007; discussion of effect of residual stresses, 76007; location of failure, 76007

Welded-Plate Heat Exchangers

see: Plate Heat Exchangers (Gasketed or Welded)

Welded Stiffening Gussets on Steel I-Beams

see also: Steels; Welded Joints in Steels

Fatigue Strength Under Bending, 81007: discussion of effect of welding to tension flange, 81007; location of failure, 81007

Welded Tee Joints in Aluminium Alloys

Fatigue Strength of Double Fillet Non-Load Carrying Under Bending, 92017
Fatigue Strength of Double or Single Fillet Under Axial Loading, 92017: effect of alloy composition, 92017; effect of plate thickness, 92017

Welded Transverse Joints in Aluminium Alloys

Fatigue Strength of Butt Type Under Axial Loading: effect of alloy composition and temper, and filler composition, 91039; effect of mean stress, 91039; effect of plate thickness, 91039; effect of shot peening, 19004, 91039; effect of stress relieving, 91039; effect of weld bead removal, 91039
Fatigue Strength of Butt Type Under Bending: effect of alloy composition and temper, and filler composition, 91039; effect of plate thickness, 91039; effect of weld bead removal, 91039
Fatigue Strength of Cover Plate (Load Carrying) Under Axial Loading, 92017: effect of alloy composition, 92017; effect of mean stress, 92017; effect of plate thickness, 92017; effect of shot-peening, 19004, 92017; effect of tungsten-inert-gas (TIG) dressing, 92017
Fatigue Strength of Cruciform (Load Carrying) Under Axial Loading, 92017: effect of alloy composition, 92017; effect of mean stress, 92017; effect of plate thickness, 92017
Fatigue Strength of Cruciform (Non-Load Carrying) Under Axial Loading, 92017: effect of alloy composition, 92017; effect of mean stress, 92017; effect of plate thickness, 92017; effect of shot peening, 92017
Fatigue Strength of Double or Single Lap Under Axial Loading, 92017: effect of alloy composition, 92017; effect of plate thickness, 92017
Static Strength: effect of alloy and filler compositions, 91039; effect of plate thickness, 91039

Welded Transverse Joints in Steels Under Axial Loading

see also: Steels; Welded Joints in Steels

Fatigue Strength of Butt Type, 77011: discussion of effect of mean stress, 77011; discussion of effect of residual stresses, 77011; discussion of effect of weld defects, 77011; effect of shot peening, 19004; location of failure, 77011; relationship with percentage area reduction due to defects, porosity or slag inclusions, 77011; statistical analysis of data, 77011
Fatigue Strength of Cover Plate Type (Load Carrying), 75016: discussion of effect of residual stresses, 75016; discussion of effect of weld bead shape, 75016; effect of shot peening, 19004; effect of weld leg length, 75016; location of failure, 75016
Fatigue Strength of Cover Plate Type (Non-Load Carrying), 75016: discussion of effect of residual stresses, 75016; discussion of effect of weld bead shape, 75016; effect of mean stress, 75016; semi-range/mean stress diagram, 75016
Fatigue Strength of Cruciform (Load Carrying), 75016: discussion of effect of joint size, 75016; discussion of effect of residual stresses, 75016; discussion of effect of weld bead shape, 75016; effect of depth of penetration, 75016; effect of mean stress and weld leg length, 75016; location of failure, 75016; semi-range/mean stress diagram, 75016
Fatigue Strength of Cruciform (Non-Load Carrying), 75016: discussion of effect of joint size, 75016, 86013, 87016; discussion of effect of residual stresses, 75016; discussion of effect of weld bead shape, 75016; effect of depth of penetration, 75016; effect of mean stress, 75016; location of failure, 75016

Welded Transverse Joints in Steels Under Bending

see also: Steels; Welded Joints in Steels

Fatigue Strength of Cruciform, 78023: discussion of effect of residual stresses, 78023; effect of depth of penetration, 78023; effect of joint size, 78023; effect of mean stress, 78023; effect of weld leg length, 78023; location of failure, 78023