ESDU Aerodynamics Series

The ESDU Aerodynamics information contains a wide and ever-increasing range of data and methods applicable to the project design of aircraft, guided weapons, space rockets, etc. Data are given concerning general aerodynamics, including properties of the atmosphere; aerodynamics of airframe components, including the effect of powerplant/airframe interactions for propeller-powered and jet aircraft; aerodynamics of the effect of surface imperfections on drag; aerodynamics of controls, flaps and leading-edge devices; aircraft stability, including derivative estimation; and aerodynamics of internal flow systems, including propulsion systems.

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Section 1 : Organisational Documents
- ESDU 00001
  Aerodynamics Series: Record of Documents
  - summary - document -
- ESDU CFA
  Conversion factors.
  - summary - document -
Section 2 : Properties of Gases
- ESDU AERO 00.01.06
  Thermodynamic properties of air in dissociation equilibrium.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.01.07
  Approximate transport properties of high-temperature air in dissociation equilibrium.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.01.08
  Specific heat capacities and their ratio as functions of temperature for several common gases.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.01.09
  A simple model of a thermally perfect, calorically imperfect diatomic gas. Comparison with real gases.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.01.11
  Mollier chart of the thermodynamic properties of argon-free air in dissociation equilibrium: T = 2 000 K to T = 13 000 K.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.01.12
  Mollier chart of the thermodynamic properties of argon-free air in dissociation equilibrium: T = 100 K to T = 6 000 K.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.27
  Examples in the use of the Mollier chart (isentropic flow and Prandtl-Meyer expansion for air in dissociation equilibrium).
  - summary - document -
Section 3 : Isentropic Flow and Shock Waves
- ESDU AERO 00.03.05
  Isentropic expansion of air from rest.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.06
  Introductory sheet on isentropic flow and shock waves.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.08
  Simple-wave flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.09
  Properties of plane steady shock waves.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.14
  Approximate calculation of the pressure changes in two-dimensional supersonic flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.15
  Pitot and static tubes in supersonic flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.16
  Conditions for shock wave detachment and for subsonic flow behind nose shock waves on cones at zero incidence and on wedges.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.22
  Conditions behind normal shock waves in air in dissociation equilibrium.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.23
  Conditions behind oblique shock waves for air in dissociation equilibrium.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.03.28
  Conditions behind normal shock waves in a perfect gas for various values of γ.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.03.30
  Solutions to the oblique shock wave relations for a range of specific heat ratios: pressure coefficient and detachment angle.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.03.31
  Solutions to the Prandtl-Meyer expansion relations for a range of specific heat ratios: pressure coefficient and maximum flow deflection angle.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 70008
  Inviscid supersonic flow past cones at zero incidence: (i) shock angle.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.13
  Inviscid supersonic flow past cones at zero incidence: (ii) surface pressure coefficient and shock angle for circular cones.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 70009
  Inviscid supersonic flow past cones at zero incidence: (iii) flow deflection in the conical flow field.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 70010
  Inviscid supersonic flow past cones at zero incidence: (iv) Mach number in the conical flow field.
  - summary - document -
Section 4 : Properties of the Atmosphere
- ESDU 73017
  Reynolds number, speed of sound, dynamic viscosity, kinetic pressure and total pressure coefficient in air.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 77021
  Properties of a standard atmosphere.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 78008
  Physical properties of design atmospheres.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 78017
  True airspeed in the International Standard Atmosphere and equivalent airspeed corresponding to Mach number and pressure altitude.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
Section 5 : Atmospheric Turbulence
- ESDU 74030
  Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence near the ground. Part I: definitions and general information.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 85020
  Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence near the ground. Part II: single point data for strong winds (neutral atmosphere).
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 86010
  Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence near the ground. Part III: variations in space and time for strong winds (neutral atmosphere).
  - summary - document -
Section 6 : Wind Speeds
- ESDU 82026
  Strong winds in the atmospheric boundary layer. Part 1: hourly-mean wind speeds.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 83045
  Strong winds in the atmospheric boundary layer. Part 2: discrete gust speeds.
  - summary - document -
Section 7 : Aerofoils and Wings - General
- ESDU 76003
  Geometrical properties of cranked and straight-tapered wing planforms.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU TM 168
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Derivation of equations for the geometrical properties of straight-tapered and multi-panel wings
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 10023
  Computer program for calculation of equivalent straight-tapered wing planform
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 06020
  Computer program for estimation of aerofoil characteristics at subcritical speeds: Lift-curve slope, zero-lift incidence and pitching moment, aerodynamic centre and drag polar minimum
  - summary - document - software -
Section 8 : Aerofoils at Subcritical Speeds - Pressure Distribution, Lift, Pitching Moment, Aerodynamic Centre
- ESDU AERO W.01.01.05
  Slope of lift curve for two-dimensional flow.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU AERO W.01.01.07
  Maximum lift coefficients for aerofoil sections at Mach numbers from 0.60 to 0.75.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO A.08.01.05
  Aerodynamic centre in two-dimensional flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 66034
  The low-speed stalling characteristics of aerodynamically smooth aerofoils.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 71020
  Aerofoils having a specified form of upper-surface pressure distribution: details and comments on design.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 72024
  Aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoils in compressible inviscid airflow at subcritical Mach numbers.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU TM 4
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Correlations for some aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoils in incompressible inviscid flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU TM 5
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Correlations for the aerodynamic characteristics of aerofoils in compressible inviscid flow
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 84026
  Aerofoil maximum lift coefficient for Mach numbers up to 0.4.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 97020
  Slope of aerofoil lift curve for subsonic two-dimensional flow.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 98011
  Aerofoil incidence for zero lift in subsonic two- dimensional flow.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 99003
  Generation of GUNACA 23-series of low-drag aerofoils.
  - summary - document - software -
Section 9 : Aerofoils at Subcritical Speeds - Drag
- ESDU AERO W.02.04.00
  Information on the use of Data Items in the series Wings 02.04.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.02.04.01
  Drag of a smooth flat plate at zero incidence.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.02.04.02
  Profile drag of smooth wings.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.02.04.03
  Profile drag of smooth aerofoils with straight trailing- edges at low speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.02.04.09
  Limit of grain size for laminar flow over wings or bodies.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.02.04.11
  Limit of surface waviness for laminar flow over wings.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 67011
  Profile drag at the drag-rise condition of aerofoils having a specified form of upper-surface pressure distribution at this condition.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 00027
  Aerofoil profile drag for Mach numbers below the drag rise condition.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 06001
  Aerofoil skin friction drag for Mach numbers below the drag-rise condition.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 10017
  A guide to the alleviation of the base drag of a two-dimensional flat plate with a blunt trailing edge
  - summary - document -
Section 10 : Aerofoils at Supersonic Speeds - Pressure Distribution, Lift, Pitching Moment, Drag
- ESDU AERO W.S.00.03.03
  Introductory Item on two-dimensional aerofoils at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.00.03.04
  Theoretical properties of two-dimensional supersonic aerofoils of simple section.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.00.03.05
  The calculation of the theoretical characteristics of two-dimensional aerofoils at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.02.03.07
  Base pressure on aerofoil sections with a blunt trailing edge in supersonic flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.02.03.10
  Wave drag of flat plates with blunt noses at zero incidence.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.02.04.12
  Skin friction drag coefficients for a flat plate in two-dimensional flow with zero heat transfer.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.02.04.13
  Profile drag coefficients for two-dimensional biconvex aerofoil with zero heat transfer at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.05.03.01
  Pressure distribution on blunt noses of two-dimensional sections at zero incidence in supersonic flow.
  - summary - document -
Section 11 : Critical Mach Number and Pressure Coefficient
- ESDU 74008
  Estimation of critical Mach number for an aerofoil from its low-speed pressure distribution.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 75027
  Critical pressure coefficient and component of local Mach number normal to the surface isobar for a swept wing.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.00.03.01
  Critical Mach number for high speed aerofoil sections.
  - summary - document -
Section 12 : Flat Plates - Boundary Layers, Skin Friction and Surface Roughness
- ESDU 68019
  The compressible two-dimensional laminar boundary layer, both with and without heat transfer, on a smooth flat plate, with application to wedges, cylinders, and cones.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 68020
  The compressible two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer, both with and without heat transfer, on a smooth flat plate, with application to wedges, cylinders and cones
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU TM 213
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Curve fits to the Spalding and Chi mean and local skin friction data
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 73016
  The mean skin friction coefficient for a rough flat plate with a turbulent two-dimensional boundary layer in compressible adiabatic flow, with application to wedges, cylinders and cones.
  - summary - document -
Section 13 : Wings - Lift, Pitching Moment, Aerodynamic Centre, Spanwise Loading
- ESDU 70011
  Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid subsonic flow.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU TM 169
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Wing lift-curve slope in inviscid subsonic flow: Improvements to the Helmbold-Diederich equation and comparison with data from ESDU 70011
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 70012
  Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid supersonic flow.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 70015
  Fluid forces and moments on flat plates.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 71006
  Low-speed longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of slender wings.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 71007
  Low-speed normal force and pitching moment of slender wings in ground effect
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 83040
  Method for the rapid estimation of spanwise loading of wings with camber and twist in subsonic attached flow.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 87001
  Wing pitching moment at zero lift at subcritical Mach numbers.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 87031
  Wing angle of attack for zero lift at subcritical Mach numbers.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 88030
  Boundaries of linear characteristics of cambered and twisted wings at subcritical Mach numbers.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 89034
  The maximum lift coefficient of plain wings at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 90013
  Normal force and pitching moment of low aspect ratio cropped-delta wings up to high angles of attack at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 93015
  Program for calculation of maximum lift coefficient of plain aerofoils and wings at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 93034
  Normal force of low-aspect-ratio cropped-delta wings up to high angles of attack at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 95010
  Computer program for estimation of spanwise loading of wings with camber and twist in subsonic attached flow. Lifting-surface theory. (With Appendix A: effect of plain flaps.)
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 95022
  Pitching moment of low-aspect-ratio cropped-delta wings up to high angles of attack at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.01.01.01
  Lift-curve slope of swept and tapered wings.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.01.01.04
  Effect of cut-out on lift-curve slope.
  - summary - document -
Section 14 : Wings - Drag
- ESDU 66031
  Introductory sheet on subcritical lift-dependent drag of wings.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 66032
  Subsonic lift-dependent drag due to boundary layer of plane, symmetrical section wings.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 74035
  Subsonic lift-dependent drag due to the trailing vortex wake for wings without camber or twist.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 75004
  Wave drag of wings at zero lift in inviscid airflow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 94037
  Leading-edge suction distribution for plane thin wings at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 94038
  Computer program for estimation of leading-edge suction distribution for plane thin wings at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 95025
  Drag due to lift for plane swept wings, alone or in combination with a body, up to high angles of attack at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 96025
  Drag due to lift for non-planar swept wings up to high angles of attack at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 07002
  Wing viscous drag coefficient in shock-free attached flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 07003
  Modelling of wing viscous drag coefficient in shock-free attached flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 10022
  Trailing-vortex drag coefficient in shock-free attached flow - cambered and twisted wings
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.02.03.02
  Theoretical lift-dependent drag of wings at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.02.03.09
  Transonic drag rise of rectangular symmetrical section wings at zero lift. NACA 65 series sections.
  - summary - document -
Section 15 : Bodies - General
- ESDU 77028
  Geometrical characteristics of typical bodies.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 78037
  The influence of body geometry and flow conditions on axisymmetric velocity distributions at subcritical Mach numbers.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 79020
  The influence of body geometry and flow conditions on axisymmetric boundary layers at subcritical Mach numbers.
  - summary - document -
Section 16 : Bodies - Drag
- ESDU AERO B.S.02.03.01
  Introductory notes on the drag at zero incidence of bodies at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO B.S.02.03.02
  External wave drag at zero incidence in inviscid flow of simple ducted forebodies and truncated afterbodies.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO B.S.02.03.08
  Forebody-afterbody interference wave drag of simple pointed or ducted body shapes with short midbodies.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO B.S.02.03.12
  Supersonic base pressure of cylindrical bodies.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 68021
  Foredrag of spherically-blunted conical forebodies at zero incidence in supersonic flow for Mach numbers up to 5.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 76033
  Subsonic base drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 77020
  Subsonic pressure drag of conical boat-tails.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 78019
  Profile drag of axisymmetric bodies at zero incidence for subcritical Mach numbers
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 78041
  Transonic base and boat-tail pressure drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 79022
  Supersonic base drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 80006
  Drag increment due to rear fuselage upsweep.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 80021
  Pressure drag of blunt forebodies at zero incidence for Mach numbers up to 10.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 82028
  Pressure drag of spherically-blunted conical forebodies at zero incidence for Mach numbers of 3 and above.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 96012
  Subsonic and transonic base and boat-tail pressure drag of cylindrical bodies with circular-arc boat-tails
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 96033
  Effect of angle of attack on the base axial force and drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 97022
  Effect of stabilising fins on base drag of cylindrical bodies at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 99010
  Supersonic base drag of cylindrical bodies with a central propulsive jet.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 00017
  Supersonic base and boat-tail pressure drag of cylindrical bodies with a conical boat-tail and a central propulsive jet
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 00026
  Supersonic pressure drag of conical, circular-arc and parabolic boat-tails.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 01012
  Subsonic pressure drag of boat-tails with negligible annular base area in the presence of a central propulsive jet.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 02012
  Subsonic base and boat-tail pressure drag of cylindrical bodies with circular-arc boat-tails and a central propulsive jet.
  - summary - document -
Section 17 : Bodies - Pressure Distribution, Normal Force, Pitching Moment, Centre of Pressure
- ESDU 82018
  The pressure distribution at zero incidence over selected families of blunt axisymmetric forebodies.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 87033
  Normal force and pitching moment of conical boat-tails.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 89008
  Normal-force-curve and pitching-moment-curve slopes of forebody-cylinder combinations at zero angle of attack for Mach numbers up to 5.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 89014
  Normal force, pitching moment and side force of forebody-cylinder combinations for angles of attack up to 90 degrees and Mach numbers up to 5.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 90034
  Computer program for the calculation of normal force and pitching moment of forebody-cylinder combinations at angles of attack up to 90 degrees and Mach numbers up to 5, including the effects of conical boat-tailing
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 00028
  Supersonic pressure and Mach number distributions over conical, circular-arc and parabolic boat-tails.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 04007
  Normal force and pitching moment of non-axisymmetrical bodies: square and triangular cross-sections without corner rounding.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 05015
  Normal force and pitching moment of non-circular bodies: elliptical cross-sections at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 07005
  Normal force and pitching moment of non-axisymmetric bodies: square cross-sections with corner rounding.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO B.S.05.03.01
  Pressure distribution on forebodies and afterbodies of revolution at zero incidence in inviscid flow.
  - summary - document -
Section 18 : Wing-Body Combinations - Lift, Normal Force, Pitching Moment, Aerodynamic Centre, Upwash
- ESDU 13009
  Computer program for calculation of aerodynamic centre of wing-fuselage-nacelle combinations
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 76015
  Aerodynamic centre of wing-fuselage combinations.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 77012
  Aerodynamic centre of wing-fuselage-nacelle combinations: effect of wing-pylon mounted nacelles
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 78013
  Aerodynamic centre of wing-fuselage-nacelle combinations: effect of rear-fuselage pylon-mounted nacelles.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 89042
  Body effect on wing angle of attack and pitching moment at zero lift at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 90020
  Airframe-induced upwash at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 91007
  Lift-curve slope of wing-body combinations.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 91042
  Normal force of low aspect ratio wing-body combinations up to high angles of attack at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 92024
  Aerodynamic centre of wing-body combinations.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 92043
  Pitching moment of low aspect ratio wing-body combinations up to high angles of attack at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 95009
  Effect of wing height on lift and aerodynamic centre for a slender wing-body combination.
  - summary - document - software -
Section 19 : Wing-Body Combinations - Drag
- ESDU AERO A.S.02.03.01
  Explanatory notes on transonic and supersonic area rules.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO A.02.03.02
  Optimum area distribution and associated minimum theoretical transonic drag-rise for aircraft at zero lift.
  - summary - document - software -
Section 20 : Controls - Lift, Pitching Moment, Rolling Moment, Yawing Moment and Drag
- ESDU 21005
  Summary of Data Items on Controls
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO C.01.01.03
  Rate of change of lift coefficient with control deflection in incompressible two-dimensional flow, (a₂)₀
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU AERO C.01.01.04
  Effect of gap on the slope of lift curve and slope of lift increment curve due to control surface deflection.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO C.08.01.01
  Rate of change of pitching moment coefficient with control deflection for a plain control in incompressible two-dimensional flow, m₀
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 74011
  Rate of change of lift coefficient with control deflection for full-span plain controls.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 74012
  Conversion of lift coefficient increment due to flaps from full span to part span.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU TM 172
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Derivation of part span factors for lift and rolling moment
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 76026
  Lift and drag due to spoiler operation in the ground run.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 87008
  Rudder sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment control derivatives at low speeds: Y_ζ , N_ζ and L_ζ
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 88013
  Rolling moment derivative, L_ξ for plain ailerons at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 88029
  Yawing moment coefficient for plain ailerons at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 88040
  Program for calculation of aileron rolling moment and yawing moment coefficients at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 14004
  Lift and rolling moment due to spoilers on wings at subsonic speeds with trailing-edge flaps undeployed
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 14005
  Lift and rolling moment due to spoilers on wings at subsonic speeds with trailing-edge flaps deployed
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 96026
  Drag and yawing moment due to spoilers.
  - summary - document - software -
Section 21 : Controls - Hinge Moment
- ESDU AERO C.04.01.00
  Introduction to Data Items on control hinge moments.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO C.04.01.01
  Rate of change of hinge-moment coefficient with incidence for a plain control in incompressible two-dimensional flow, (b₁)₀
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU AERO C.04.01.02
  Rate of change of hinge-moment coefficient with control deflection for a plain control in incompressible two-dimensional flow, (b₂)₀
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU AERO C.04.01.03
  Effect of nose balance on two-dimensional control hinge-moment coefficients.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU AERO C.04.01.04
  Effect of Irving internal balance on hinge-moment coefficient in two-dimensional flow.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU AERO C.04.01.06
  Full-span control hinge-moment coefficient derivatives for unswept wings in incompressible flow with allowance for spanwise variation of sectional properties.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU AERO C.04.01.08
  Control hinge-moment coefficient derivative due to tab.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 88003
  Effect of unshielded and shielded horn balances on hinge moment coefficients for controls at low speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 89009
  Hinge moment coefficient derivatives for trailing-edge controls on wings at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 89010
  Example of procedure in calculation of control hinge moments.
  - summary - document -
Section 22 : Flaps - General
- ESDU 97002
  Information on the use of Data Items on high-lift devices.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 97003
  Fuselage interference effects on flap characteristics.
  - summary - document - software -
Section 23 : Flaps - Lift: Aerofoils
- ESDU 94026
  Introduction to the estimation of the lift coefficients at zero angle of attack and at maximum lift for aerofoils with high-lift devices at low speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 94027
  Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of various leading-edge high-lift devices at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 94028
  Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of a plain trailing-edge flap, with or without a leading-edge high-lift device, at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 94029
  Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of a trailing-edge split flap, with or without a leading-edge high-lift device, at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 94030
  Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of a single-slotted trailing-edge flap, with or without a leading-edge high-lift device, at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 94031
  Increments in aerofoil lift coefficient at zero angle of attack and in maximum lift coefficient due to deployment of a double-slotted or triple-slotted trailing-edge flap, with or without a leading-edge high-lift device, at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU AERO F.05.01.01
  Normal force on flaps and controls.
  - summary - document -
Section 24 : Flaps - Lift: Wings
- ESDU 74009
  Lift coefficient increment at low speeds due to full-span split flaps.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 91014
  Maximum lift of wings with trailing-edge flaps at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 92031
  Maximum lift of wings with leading-edge devices and trailing-edge flaps deployed.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 93019
  Wing lift increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of single-slotted flaps at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 95021
  Wing lift coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of double-slotted or triple-slotted flaps at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 96032
  Wing lift coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of leading-edge devices at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 97009
  Wing lift coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge split flaps at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 97011
  Wing lift coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of plain trailing-edge flaps at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU AERO F.01.01.08
  Lift coefficient increment due to full-span slotted flaps.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO F.01.01.09
  Lift coefficient increment due to full-span double flap (main flap slotted).
  - summary - document -
Section 25 : Flaps - Lift Curve
- ESDU 96003
  Lift curve of wings with high-lift devices deployed at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 99031
  Computer program for estimation of lift curve to maximum lift for wing-fuselage combinations with high-lift devices at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
Section 26 : Flaps - Pitching Moment
- ESDU 98009
  Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge split flaps at low speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 98017
  Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge plain flaps at low speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 99004
  Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge single-slotted flaps at low speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 99014
  Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of trailing-edge double-slotted and triple-slotted flaps at low speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 00029
  Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient at zero angle of attack due to deployment of leading-edge high-lift devices.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 01013
  Aerofoil and wing pitching moment coefficient increment at zero angle of attack due to deployment of leading-edge and trailing-edge high-lift devices in combination at low speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 03017
  Pitching moment curve of wings with leading-edge and trailing-edge high-lift devices deployed at low speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO F.08.01.01
  Pitching moment coefficient increment due to flaps for unswept wings.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO F.08.01.02
  Increment to C_m ₀ due to flaps on swept-back wings.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU TM 200
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Estimation of nacelle and flap effects on low-speed aerodynamic centre and zero-lift pitching moment of transport aircraft (tail-off)
  - summary - document -
Section 27 : Flaps - Drag
- ESDU AERO F.02.01.06
  Profile drag coefficient increment due to full-span single-slotted flaps (Handley Page and NACA types).
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO F.02.01.07
  Conversion factor for profile drag increment for part-span flaps.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU TM 216
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Derivations of equations for profile drag increment conversion factors for part-span flaps
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO F.02.01.08
  Vortex drag coefficient of wing with part-span flap and central cut-out.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 74010
  Low-speed drag coefficient increment at zero lift due to full-span split flaps.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 87005
  Increment in aerofoil profile drag coefficient due to the deployment of a single-slotted flap.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 87024
  Low-speed drag coefficient increment at constant lift due to full-span plain flaps.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 01007
  Trailing vortex drag factors for wings with part-span trailing-edge plain flaps.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 06014
  Zero-lift drag coefficient increment due to full-span plain flaps.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 08013
  Increment in wing profile drag coefficient due to the deployment of a single-slotted flap.
  - summary - document -
Section 28 : Excrescence Drag
- ESDU ASTEROID
  Aircraft Surface Tolerances for Enhanced Repair, Operations and Design
  - summary - software -
- ESDU 90029
  An introduction to aircraft excrescence drag.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 71018
  Approximate wave drag of rectangular planform fairings at zero incidence in supersonic flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 75028
  Drag due to grooves in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer, at subsonic and supersonic speeds
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 75031
  Drag of two-dimensional steps and ridges immersed in a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 76008
  Drag of transverse rows of spherically-headed rivets immersed in a turbulent boundary layer at subsonic and supersonic speeds
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 83025
  Drag of circular cylinders normal to a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 84035
  Drag of stub wings and fairings on a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer at subsonic and supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 91028
  Simplified method for the prediction of aerofoil excrescence drag magnification factor for turbulent boundary layers at subcritical Mach numbers.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 91029
  Excrescence drag magnification factors at the drag-rise condition for aerofoils with a specified form of upper-surface pressure distribution.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 92039
  Drag due to gaps round undeflected trailing-edge controls and flaps at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 93032
  Examples of excrescence drag prediction for typical wing components of a subsonic transport aircraft at the cruise condition.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 16005
  Mass flow rate of a leak into an external stream
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 16006
  Drag due to a leak discharging into an external stream
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 18005
  Mass flow rate of a leak into a plenum from an external stream
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 18006
  Drag due to a leak into a plenum from an external stream
  - summary - document -
Section 29 : Cavity Drag
- ESDU ASTEROID
  Aircraft Surface Tolerances for Enhanced Repair, Operations and Design
  - summary - software -
- ESDU 74036
  Drag due to a circular cavity in a plate with a turbulent boundary layer at subsonic, transonic and supersonic speeds
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 00006
  Drag of rectangular planform cavity in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3. Part I: Closed flow
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 00007
  Drag of a rectangular planform cavity in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3. Part II: Open and transitional flows.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 16007
  Computer program for the estimation of the drag of a rectangular planform cavity, with or without doors, in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 10016
  Drag of a rectangular planform cavity in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3. Part III : Effect of doors
  - summary - document - software -
Section 30 : Undercarriage Drag
- ESDU 79015
  Undercarriage drag prediction methods.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
Section 31 : Canopy Drag
- ESDU 67041
  Drag of fighter-type canopies at subcritical Mach numbers.
  - summary - document -
Section 32 : Cavity Aerodynamics and Aero-Acoustics
- ESDU 02008
  Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities. Part I: Time-averaged flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 04023
  Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities. Part II: Unsteady flow and aero-acoustics.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 16004
  Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities.
  Part V: Bibliography (up to 2020)
  - summary - document -
Section 33 : Cavity Adverse Unsteady Flow Alleviation
- ESDU 08011
  Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities. Part IIIA: Alleviation of unsteady flow effects - Introduction
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 08012
  Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities. Part IIIB: Alleviation of unsteady flow effects - acoustic suppression using passive devices.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 09001
  Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities.
  Part IIIC: Alleviation of unsteady flow effects - acoustic suppression using active devices
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 09002
  Aerodynamics and aero-acoustics of rectangular planform cavities.
  Part IIID: Alleviation of unsteady flow effects - Store deployment
  - summary - document -
Section 34 : Internal Flow Systems - Ducts
- ESDU AERO S.00.01.10
  One-dimensional isentropic flow of a thermally perfect, calorically imperfect diatomic gas.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO S.00.03.07
  One-dimensional isentropic gas flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 81004
  Mass flow and momentum functions for one-dimensional flow of gas in ducts.
  - summary - document -
Section 35 : Internal Flow Systems - Nacelles, Intakes and Nozzles
- ESDU AERO A.08.01.09
  Flow field of subsonic axisymmetric jet in a parallel stream.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 66028
  Relationships between some common intake parameters.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 67035
  Jet flow parameters
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 75005
  Performance data for the critical operation of nominally two-dimensional double-ramp supersonic intakes.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 80037
  Pressure recovery of axisymmetric intakes at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 81024
  Drag of axisymmetric cowls at zero incidence for subsonic Mach numbers.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 86002
  Drag and pressure recovery characteristics of auxiliary air inlets at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 03006
  Subsonic drag and pressure recovery of rectangular planform flush auxiliary inlets with ducts at angles up to 90 degrees.
  - summary - document -
Section 36 : Powerplant/Airframe Interactions - Propeller Powered Aircraft
- ESDU 18010
  Information on the use of Data Items on powerplant/airframe interactions for propeller-powered aircraft
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 85015
  Introduction to installation effects on thrust and drag for propeller-driven aircraft.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 85017
  Thrust and drag accounting for propeller/airframe interaction.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 86017
  Propeller/body interaction for thrust and drag.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 88031
  Lift and longitudinal forces on propeller/ nacelle/ wing/ flap systems.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 89047
  In-plane forces and moments on installed inclined propellers at low forward speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 06012
  The influence of propeller slipstream on aircraft rolling moment due to sideslip.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 06013
  Propeller slipstream modelling for incidence and sideslip.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU TM 193
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Example of procedure in calculation of effects of propeller slipstream on horizontal tailplane flow-field
  - summary - document -
Section 37 : Powerplant/Airframe Interactions - Jet Powered Aircraft
- ESDU 82034
  Aircraft forces due to interference between a jet efflux and a slotted flap
  - summary - document - software -
Section 38 : Stability of Aircraft - General
- ESDU 86021
  Introduction of aerodynamic derivatives, equations of motion and stability (including the classical criteria of longitudinal stability and control, and description of the lateral modes of motion)
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 86041
  Conversion of stability derivatives for a general change of body axes.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 13005
  Information on the use of Data Items on the longitudinal stability of aircraft
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO A.06.01.00
  Information on the use of Data Items on rolling moment derivatives of an aircraft.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO A.07.01.00
  Information on the use of Data Items on yawing moment and sideforce derivatives of an aircraft
  - summary - document -
Section 39 : Stability of Aircraft - Longitudinal Stability - Ground Effect, Downwash, Tandem Lifting Surfaces, Tailplane
- ESDU 72023
  Low-speed longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft in ground effect.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 80020
  Average downwash at the tailplane at low angles of attack and subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 81023
  Lift and drag of two staggered lifting surfaces at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 89029
  Installed tailplane lift-curve slope at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 91009
  Effect of twin fins on isolated tailplane lift-curve slope.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 97021
  Effect of trailing-edge flap deployment on average downwash at the tailplane at low speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU AERO W.05.01.01
  Kinetic pressure in the wake behind a wing.
  - summary - document - software -
Section 40 : Stability of Aircraft - Longitudinal Stability - Derivatives due to Rate of Pitch
- ESDU 90010
  Pitching moment and lift force derivatives due to rate of pitch for aircraft at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 91004
  Pitching moment derivative due to rate of pitch for projectiles at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.08.03.02
  Pitching velocity derivatives for wings at supersonic speeds Z_q and M_q
  - summary - document -
Section 41 : Stability of Aircraft - Pitch-Break Characteristics
- ESDU 01005
  Effect of geometry on low speed pitch-break characteristics of swept wings.
  - summary - document -
Section 42 : Stability of Aircraft - Lateral Stability - Derivatives due to Sideslip
- ESDU AERO A.06.01.03
  Stability derivative (L_v)_Γ Contribution of full-span dihedral to rolling moment due to sideslip.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU AERO A.06.01.09
  Stability derivative (L_v)_Γ Contribution of part-span dihedral to rolling moment due to sideslip.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 73006
  Effects of isolated body and wing-body interference on rolling moment due to sideslip: L_v (with Addendum A for nacelle effects).
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 79006
  Wing-body yawing moment and sideforce derivatives due to sideslip: N_v and Y_v (with Addendum A for nacelle effects).
  - summary - document -
- ESDU TM 184
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Effects of rear-mounted engine nacelles on sidewash at fin
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 80033
  Contribution of wing planform to rolling moment derivative due to sideslip, (L_v)_w , at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 80034
  Effect of trailing-edge flaps on rolling moment derivative due to sideslip, (L_v)_f
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 81013
  Effect of trailing-edge flaps on sideforce and yawing moment derivatives due to sideslip, (Y_v)_f and (N_v)_f
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 81032
  Estimation of rolling moment derivative due to sideslip for complete aircraft at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU TM 49
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Contribution to rolling moment derivative due to sideslip resulting from interference effect of fin on tailplane, (L_v)_TH
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 82010
  Contribution of fin to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to sideslip, (Y_v)_F , (N_v)_F , (L_v)_F , in the presence of body, wing and tailplane.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 82011
  Estimation of sideforce and yawing moment derivatives due to sideslip for complete aircraft at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 91031
  Contribution of fin and tailplane to sideforce and yawing moment derivatives due to sideslip at supersonic speeds at low angle of attack.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 92007
  Contribution of tailplane-mounted twin fins to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to sideslip at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 92029
  Contribution of ventral fins to sideforce and yawing moment derivatives due to sideslip at low angle of attack.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 93007
  Contribution of body-mounted fins and tailplanes to lateral derivatives due to sideslip at subsonic speeds for general body width to height ratio.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 00025
  Computer program for prediction of aircraft lateral stability derivatives in sideslip at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU TM 178
  ESDU TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
  Effect of wing-mounted engine nacelles of propeller-driven aircraft on lateral stability derivatives in sideslip
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO C.01.01.01
  Lift-curve slope for single fin and rudder. (i) Body shape merging into fin.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO A.S.01.03.02
  Lift-curve slope of isolated lifting surface at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO A.S.06.03.04
  Spanwise centre of pressure of isolated lifting surface at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
Section 43 : Stability of Aircraft - Lateral Stability - Derivatives due to Rate of Roll
- ESDU AERO A.06.01.01
  Stability derivative L_p rolling moment due to rolling for swept and tapered wings.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 81014
  Contribution of wing planform to derivatives of yawing moment and sideforce due to roll rate at subsonic speeds (N_p)_w and (Y_p)_w
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 83006
  Contribution of fin to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of roll, (Y_p)_F , (N_p)_F , (L_p)_F , in the presence of body, wing and tailplane.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 85006
  Contribution of wing dihedral to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of roll at subsonic speeds, (Y_p)_Γ , (N_p)_Γ and (L_p)_Γ
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 85010
  Estimation of sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of roll for complete aircraft at subsonic speeds
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU AERO A.S.06.03.01
  Stability derivative L_p rolling moment due to rolling for wings at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO A.S.06.03.02
  Stability derivative L_p. Effect of fuselage interference on rolling moment due to rolling at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO A.S.06.03.03
  Stability derivative L_p. Rolling moment due to rolling for radial multi-planar wing arrangements at supersonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
Section 44 : Stability of Aircraft - Lateral Stability - Derivatives due to Rate of Yaw
- ESDU 71017
  Aero-normalised stability derivatives: effect of wing on yawing moment due to yawing.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 72021
  Effect of wing on rolling moment due to yawing.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 82017
  Contribution of fin to sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of yaw, (Y_r)_F , (N_r)_F , (L_r)_F
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 83026
  Contribution of body to yawing moment and sideforce derivatives due to rate of yaw, (N_r)_B and (Y_r)_B
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 84002
  Estimation of sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of yaw for complete aircraft at subsonic speeds.
  - summary - document -
Section 45 : Unsteady Aerodynamics
- ESDU 82020
  Introduction to unsteady aerodynamics.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 81034
  Linearised two-dimensional oscillatory airforce coefficients and load distributions on thin aerofoils in subsonic flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 82005
  Linearised two-dimensional oscillatory airforce coefficients and load distributions on thin aerofoils in supersonic flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 83010
  Oscillatory aerodynamics of slender bodies.
  - summary - document - software -
- ESDU 84020
  An introduction to time-dependent aerodynamics of aircraft response, gusts and active controls.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 87012
  An introduction to aircraft buffet and buffeting.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 90005
  Frequencies of resonance in wind tunnels with ventilated walls and plenum chamber.
  - summary - document - software -
Section 46 : Parachute Aerodynamics
- ESDU 09012
  Aerodynamics of Parachutes
  - summary - document -
Section 47 : Bluff Bodies and Structures - Mean Forces
- ESDU 71012
  Fluid forces on non-streamline bodies - background notes and description of the flow phenomena.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 71016
  Fluid forces, pressures and moments on rectangular blocks.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 79026
  Mean fluid forces and moments on cylindrical structures: polygonal sections with rounded corners including elliptical shapes.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 80003
  Mean fluid forces and moments on rectangular prisms: surface-mounted structures in turbulent shear flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 80025
  Mean forces, pressures and flow field velocities for circular cylindrical structures: single cylinder with two-dimensional flow.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 81017
  Mean forces, pressures, and moments for circular cylindrical structures: finite-length cylinders in uniform and shear flow.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
Section 48 : Bluff Bodies and Structures - Fluctuating Forces and Response
- ESDU 77032
  Fluctuating loads and dynamic response of bodies and structures in fluid flows - background information.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 79025
  Fluctuating response of circular cylinders in small groups in fluid flow - discussion and guide to data available.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 87035
  Calculation methods for along-wind loading. Part 2. Response of line-like structures to atmospheric turbulence.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
Section 49 : Aerodynamic Heating and Heat Transfer
- ESDU 69009
  Heat balance for flight vehicles.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 69010
  Heat transfer by forced convection between a two-dimensional laminar boundary layer and a smooth flat plate, with application to wedges, cylinders and cones.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 69011
  Heat transfer by forced convection between a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer and a smooth flat plate, with application to wedges, cylinders and cones.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU 69012
  Effects of kinetic heating on equilibrium temperature of flight vehicles.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.02.05
  Heat transfer under conditions of forced convection for the subsonic turbulent flow of gases in smooth straight ducts of constant cross section.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO 00.03.26
  Wall and average gas temperatures for subsonic turbulent flow with heat transfer in ducts of constant circular cross section.
  - summary - document -
- ESDU AERO W.S.00.03.18
  Aerodynamic heating: temperatures at a perfectly insulated surface neglecting radiation.
  - summary - document -
Section 50 : Wind-Tunnel Corrections
- ESDU 76028
  Lift-interference and blockage corrections for two-dimensional subsonic flow in ventilated and closed wind-tunnels.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -
- ESDU 80024
  Blockage corrections for bluff bodies in confined flows.
  - summary - document - interactive graphs -

This Series is complemented by the following software:

Toolbox Apps

Name	Title
Toolbox 06014	ESDU 06014: Zero-lift drag coefficient increment due to full-span plain flaps See Data Items: 06014	Run
Toolbox 16007	ESDU 16007: Estimation of the drag of a rectangular planform cavity, with or without doors, in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer See Data Items: 00006, 00007, 10016, 16007	Run
Toolbox 70011	ESDU 70011: Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid subsonic flow See Data Items: 70011	Run
Toolbox 70012	ESDU 70012: Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid supersonic flow See Data Items: 70012	Run
Toolbox 74036	ESDU 74036: Drag due to a circular cavity in a plate with a turbulent boundary layer at subsonic, transonic and supersonic speeds See Data Items: 74036	Run
Toolbox 75028	ESDU 75028: Drag due to grooves in a flat plate with turbulent boundary layer, at subsonic and supersonic speeds See Data Items: 75028	Run
Toolbox 75031	ESDU 75031: Drag of two-dimensional steps and ridges immersed in a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3 See Data Items: 75031	Run
Toolbox 76008	Drag of transverse rows of spherically-headed rivets immersed in a turbulent boundary layer at subsonic and supersonic speeds See Data Items: 76008	Run
Toolbox Boat-tail Pressure Drag	Calculation of subsonic base drag of cylindrical bodies and pressure drag of conical boat-tails See Data Items: 76033, 77020	Run
Toolbox 80006	ESDU 80006: Drag increment due to rear fuselage upsweep See Data Items: 80006	Run
Toolbox 95009	ESDU 95009: Calculation of effect of wing height on lift and aerodynamic centre for a slender wing-body combination See Data Items: 95009	Run
Toolbox Aero A.02.03.02	Calculation of optimum area distribution and associated minimum theoretical transonic drag-rise for aircraft at zero lift See Data Items: AERO A.02.03.02	Run
Toolbox ASTEROID	Aircraft Surface Tolerances for Enhanced Repair, Operations and Design See Data Items: 74036, 75028, 75031, ASTEROID, ASTEROID	Run
Toolbox ASTEROID fp	Aircraft Surface Tolerances for Enhanced Repair, Operations and Design - Flat Plate See Data Items: 74036, 75028, 75031, ASTEROID, ASTEROID	Run
Toolbox CFM	Local and mean skin friction coefficients on a flat plate See Data Items: 68020, 74036, 75028, 75031, TM 213	Run
Toolbox ISA	International Standard Atmosphere app See Data Items: 73017, 75028, 75031, 77021, 78008, 78017	Run
Toolbox LiCrA-2D	ESDU LiCrA: 2D Lift Curve Aerodynamics for Aerofoils See Data Items: 72024, 84026, 94027, 94028, 94029, 94030, 94031, 97020, 98011, 99031, AERO W.01.01.05	Run
Toolbox LiCrA-3D	ESDU LiCrA: 3D Lift Curve Aerodynamics for Wings and Wing/Body Combinations See Data Items: 72024, 83040, 84026, 87031, 89034, 89042, 91014, 92031, 93019, 94027, 94028, 94029, 94030, 94031, 95021, 96003, 96032, 97003, 97009, 97011, 97020, 98011, 99031, AERO W.01.01.05	Run
Toolbox TM 169	Wing lift-curve slope app See Data Items: TM 169	Run
Toolbox Aero W.05.01.01	Kinetic pressure in the wake behind an unswept wing See Data Items: AERO W.05.01.01	Run

Programs

Name	Title	Type
A0025	Prediction of aircraft lateral stability derivatives in sideslip at subsonic speeds. See Data Items: 00025	ESDUpac
A0107	Computer program for estimation of trailing vortex drag factors for wings with part-span trailing-edge plain flaps. See Data Items: 01007	ESDUpac
A020302	Calculation of optimum area distribution and associated minimum theoretical transonic drag-rise for aircraft at zero lift See Data Items: AERO A.02.03.02	ESDUpac
A0614	Zero-lift drag coefficient increment due to full-span plain flaps See Data Items: 06014	ESDUpac
A0620	Computer program for estimation of aerofoil characteristics at subcritical speeds: lift-curve slope, zero-lift incidence and pitching moment, aerodynamic centre and drag polar minimum. See Data Items: 06020	ESDUpac
A1023	Computer program for calculation of equivalent straight-tapered wing planform See Data Items: 10023	ESDUpac
A1309	Computer program for calculation of aerodynamic centre of wing-fuselage-nacelle combinations See Data Items: 13009, 76015, 77012, 78013	ESDUpac
A1607	Computer program for the estimation of the drag of a rectangular planform cavity, with or without doors, in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3 See Data Items: 00006, 00007, 10016, 16007	ESDUpac
A7011	Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid subsonic flow. See Data Items: 70011	ESDUpac
A7011	Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid subsonic flow. See Data Items: 70011	ESDUpac
A7012	Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid supersonic flow See Data Items: 70012	ESDUpac
A7012	Lift-curve slope and aerodynamic centre position of wings in inviscid supersonic flow. See Data Items: 70012	ESDUpac
A7106	Low-speed longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of slender wings See Data Items: 71006	ESDUpac
A7107	Low-speed normal force and pitching moment of slender wings in ground effect See Data Items: 71007	ESDUpac
A7223	Computer program for calculation of low-speed longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft in ground effect. See Data Items: 72023	ESDUpac
A7435	Subsonic lift-dependent drag due to the trailing vortex wake for wings without camber or twist. See Data Items: 74035	ESDUpac
A7436	Estimation of drag due to a circular cavity in a plate with turbulent boundary layer at subsonic, transonic or supersonic speeds See Data Items: 74036	ESDUpac
A7528	Estimation of the drag due to grooves in a flat plate with a turbulent boundary layer, at subsonic and supersonic speeds See Data Items: 75028	ESDUpac
A7531	Estimation of drag of two-dimensional steps and ridges in a turbulent boundary layer for Mach numbers up to 3 See Data Items: 75031	ESDUpac
A7608	Drag of transverse rows of spherically-headed rivets immersed in a turbulent boundary layer at subsonic and supersonic speeds See Data Items: 76008	ESDUpac
A7633	Subsonic base drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails See Data Items: 76033	ESDUpac
A7720	Subsonic pressure drag of conical boat-tails See Data Items: 77020	ESDUpac
A7728	Calculation of geometrical characteristics of typical bodies See Data Items: 77028	ESDUpac
A7819	Calculation of Profile Drag of Axisymmetric Bodies at Zero Incidence for Subcritical Mach Numbers (Method of Addendum A) See Data Items: 78019	ESDUpac
A8006	Calculation of drag increment due to rear fuselage upsweep See Data Items: 80006	ESDUpac
A8020	Calculation of average downwash at the tailplane at low angles of attack and subsonic speeds. See Data Items: 80020	ESDUpac
A8114	Computer program for estimation of contribution of wing planform to derivatives of yawing moment and sideforce due to roll rate at subsonic speeds, (Np)w and (Yp)w See Data Items: 81014	ESDUpac
A8123	Program for calculation of lift and drag of two staggered lifting surfaces at low speeds. See Data Items: 81023	ESDUpac
A8124	Drag of axisymmetric cowls at zero incidence for subsonic Mach numbers. See Data Items: 81024	ESDUpac
A8234	Computer program for calculation of aircraft forces due to interference between a jet efflux and a slotted flap See Data Items: 82034	ESDUpac
A8310	Calculation of oscillatory aerodynamics data for slender bodies. See Data Items: 83010	ESDUpac
A8510	Estimation of sideforce, yawing moment and rolling moment derivatives due to rate of roll for complete aircraft at subsonic speeds See Data Items: 85010	ESDUpac
A8621	Calculation of the roots of the characteristic equations for controls-fixed longitudinal and lateral stability of aircraft See Data Items: 86021	ESDUpac
A8701	Wing pitching moment at zero lift at subcritical Mach numbers. See Data Items: 87001	ESDUpac
A8705	Increment in aerofoil profile drag due to the deployment of a single-slotted flap. See Data Items: 87005	ESDUpac
A8708	Calculation of Rudder Sideforce, Yawing Moment and Rolloing Moment Control Derivatives at Low Speeds: Y sub zeta, N sub zeta and L sub zeta. See Data Items: 87008	ESDUpac
A8724	Low-speed drag coefficient increment at constant lift due to full-span plain flaps. See Data Items: 87024	ESDUpac
A8731	Wing angle of attack for zero lift at subcritical Mach numbers See Data Items: 87031	ESDUpac
A8831	Computer program for ESDU 88031: Lift and longitudinal forces on propeller/ nacelle/ wing/ flap systems See Data Items: 88031	ESDUpac
A8840	Calculation of aileron rolling moment and yawing moment coefficients at subsonic speeds See Data Items: 88040	ESDUpac
A8929	Computer program for calculation of installed tailplane lift-curve-slope at subsonic speeds. See Data Items: 89029	ESDUpac
A8942	Computer program for calculation of body effect on wing angle of attack and pitching moment at zero lift at low speeds See Data Items: 89042	ESDUpac
A8947	Calculation of in-plane force and moment derivatives for inclined propellers at low forward speeds. See Data Items: 89047	ESDUpac
A9005	First resonance frequency for ventilated wind tunnels operating at subsonic speeds. See Data Items: 90005	ESDUpac
A9010	Calculation of pitching moment and lift force derivatives due to rate of pitch for aircraft at subsonic speeds See Data Items: 90010	ESDUpac
A9020	Calculation of airframe-induced upwash at subsonic speeds. See Data Items: 90020	ESDUpac
A9034	Calculation of normal force and pitching moment of forebody-cylinder combinations at angles of attack up to 90 degrees and Mach numbers up to 5, including effects of conical boat-tailing. See Data Items: 90034	ESDUpac
A9109	Estimation of effect of twin fins on isolated tailplane lift-curve slope See Data Items: 91009	ESDUpac
A9128	Simplified method for the prediction of aerofoil excrescence drag magnification factor for turbulent boundary layers at subcritical Mach numbers. See Data Items: 91028	ESDUpac
A9315	Maximum lift coefficient of plain aerofoils and wings at subsonic speeds. See Data Items: 93015	ESDUpac
A9438	Estimation of leading-edge suction distribution for plane thin wings at subsonic speeds See Data Items: 94038	ESDUpac
A9509	Computer program for calculation of effect of wing height on lift and aerodynamic centre for a slender wing-body combination See Data Items: 95009	ESDUpac
A9510	Computer program for estimation of spanwise loading of wings with camber and twist in subsonic attached flow. See Data Items: 83040, 95010	ESDUpac
A9625	Drag due to lift for non-planar swept wings up to high angle of attack at subsonic speeds. See Data Items: 96025	ESDUpac
A9626	Calculation of drag and yawing moment due to spoilers See Data Items: 96026	ESDUpac
A9721	Calculation of the effect of trailing-edge flap deployment on average downwash at the tailplane at low speeds. See Data Items: 97021	ESDUpac
A9931	Computer program for estimation of lift curve for wing-fuselage combinations with high-lift devices at low speeds. See Data Items: 99031	ESDUpac
AC811	Computer Program for ESDU Aero C.08.01.01: Rate Of Change Of Pitching Moment Coefficient With Control Deflection For A Plain Control In Incompressible Two-Dimensional Flow, m0 See Data Items: AERO C.08.01.01	ESDUpac
AF218	Vortex drag coefficient of wing with part-span flap and central cut-out. See Data Items: AERO F.02.01.08	ESDUpac
B9510	Computer program for estimation of spanwise loading of wings with camber and twist in subsonic attached flow. Lifting-surface theory. (With Appendix A: effect of plain flaps) See Data Items: 95010	ESDUpac
B9903	Generation of GUNACA 23 series of low-drag aerofoils (screen prompt version). See Data Items: 99003	ESDUpac
B9931	Computer program for estimation of spanwise position of peak loading. See Data Items: 99031	ESDUpac
AW511	Kinetic pressure in the wake behind an unswept wing See Data Items: AERO W.05.01.01	ESDUpac