ESDU 92003

Forced convection heat transfer in straight tubes. Part 1: turbulent flow.

Abstract:

ESDU 92003 recommends the Petukov equation for the prediction of the heat transfer in single-phase Newtonian flow, following a comparison of it and five other correlations with a database of nearly 800 experimental results extracted from the literature. The quality of the fit of the data with the six correlations is tabulated in various flow regimes defined by specific ranges of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The correlations are also compared as graphs of Nusselt number against Reynolds number for values of Prandtl number of 0.7, 10 and 100. Two forms of the equation are given, one applying in the higher ranges of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. Corrections for variable fluid properties are suggested for liquids as a function of bulk-to-wall dynamic viscosity ratio and for specific gases in terms of bulk-to-wall temperature ratio. Information on regimes for forced, free and mixed convection for both horizontal and vertical flow is included. The Petukov equation may be applied provided the thermal entrance length is exceeded and values for that are given based on local or mean Nusselt number. Worked examples illustrate the use of the correlation.

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Details:

Data Item ESDU 92003
Format:	PDF with interactive graphs
Status:	Amendment (A), 01 Aug 1993 Published in Release 2000-03 (init)
Previous Releases:	None available
ISBN:	978 0 85679 808 5

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This Data Item contains 20 interactive graph(s) as listed below.

Graph	Title
Figure 1	Nusselt number for the fully-developed turbulent flow of fluids with constant property values. Plot of Equation (4.1)
Figure 2	Nusselt number for the fully-developed turbulent flow of fluids with constant property values. Plot of Equation (B1.1)
Figure 3	Forced, free and mixed convection regimes for horizontal pipe flow (10^-2 < Pr^D/L < 1)
Figure 4	Forced, free and mixed convection regimes for vertical pipe flow (10^-2 < Pr^D/L < 1)
Figure 5a	Distribution of Nu_x in the entrance region for thermally developing turbulent flow. Pr = 0.7
Figure 5b	Distribution of Nu_x in the entrance region for thermally developing turbulent flow. Pr = 3
Figure 5c	Distribution of Nu_x in the entrance region for thermally developing turbulent flow. Pr = 50
Figure 5d	Distribution of Nu_x in the entrance region for thermally developing turbulent flow. Pr = 75
Figure 6a	Distribution of Nu_m in the entrance region for thermally developing turbulent flow. Pr = 0.7
Figure 6b	Distribution of Nu_m in the entrance region for thermally developing turbulent flow. Pr = 3
Figure 6c	Distribution of Nu_m in the entrance region for thermally developing turbulent flow. Pr = 50
Figure 6d	Distribution of Nu_m in the entrance region for thermally developing turbulent flow. Pr = 75
Figure 7	Effect of entrance configuration on Nu_x for simultaneously developing flow for UWT, Pr = 0.7
Figure 8	Effect of entrance configuration on Nu_x for simultaneously developing flow for UHF, Pr = 0.7
Figure A1	Nusselt number predicted by equation (4.1) and equations in Table A.1.1 for Pr = 0.7(10³ < Re ≤ 10⁵)
Figure A2	Nusselt number predicted by equation (4.1) and equations in Table A.1. Pr = 0.7(10⁵ < Re ≤ 10⁷)
Figure A3	Nusselt number predicted by equation (4.1) and equations in Table A.1. Pr = 10(10³ < Re ≤ 10⁵)
Figure A4	Nusselt number predicted by equation (4.1) and equations in Table A.1. Pr = 10(10⁵ < Re ≤ 10⁷)
Figure A5	Nusselt number predicted by equation (4.1) and equations in Table A.1. Pr = 100(10³ < Re ≤ 10⁵)
Figure A6	Nusselt number predicted by equation (4.1) and equations in Table A.1. Pr = 100(10⁵ < Re ≤ 10⁷)