ESDU A-Z Index: WI-WZ
- Multiple Wire Mesh
- minimum capillary radius, permeability and effective thermal conductivity, 79013
- Packed Spherical Particles
- minimum capillary radius, permeability and effective thermal conductivity, 79013
- Sintered Felted Metal Fibres
- minimum capillary radius, permeability and effective thermal conductivity, 79013
- Wire-Mesh-Covered Grooves and Annuli
- minimum capillary radius, permeability and effective thermal conductivity, 79013
- Calculation using GPS Measurements, 20007
- see also
- Wind Speed
- Correction of Airborne Distance During Landing, 91032
- Correction of Measured Climb Angle, 70023, PERF RJ2/0, PERF RP1/2
- Effect on Forces, Moments and Pressures on Surface-Mounted Structures
-
- see
- Shear Flow
- Effect on Noise Measurements Near Ground, 89036
- Representative Maximum Values, 70023
- Dynamic Response of Buildings and Structures to Atmospheric Turbulence
- Estimation of Wind Speed
-
- see
- Wind Speed
- Estimation of Wind Turbulence Characteristics
- Mean and Peak Forces and Moments on Boundary Walls and Hoardings
- Mean Forces and Moments on Lattice Frames and Towers
- Mean Forces, Moments and Pressures on Buildings
- Mean Forces, Moments and Pressures on Paraboloidal Antennas
- see also
- Asymmetric Flight
- see also
- Asymmetric Flight
- Drag, PERF ED1/1
- see
- Canopy
- Calculation From Aircraft Air-Data and Inertial Systems, 79018
- Calculation Using GPS Measurements, 20007, TM 199
- Effect on Airborne Distance During Landing, 91032
- Effect on Aircraft Ground Performance, 85029
- incorporation in equations of motion, 85030
- Effect on Climb Gradient at Constant Pressure Height, 70023, 79018
- Estimation of Hours Exceeding Specified Values
- from data on extreme values, 88038
- Estimation of Mean-Hourly Near Ground
- correction of measured values to other conditions, 01008
- effect of direction, 82026
- effect of height, upwind terrain and topographical features, 01008, 82026
- effect of risk of exceeding and exposure, 82026
- Estimation of Speed-Up Over Cliffs, Embankments, Escarpments, Hills or Valleys, 91043
- effect of flow separation, 91043
- effect of wind inclination to ridge line, 91043
- interference from nearby topographic features, 91043
- program, 01008
- three-dimensional effects, 91043
- Profile Near Ground
- effect of upwind terrain and topographical features, 01008, 82026
- over specific terrains, 70015, 71016, 79026, 80003, 81017
- Reference Extreme Values in UK, 82026
- Representative Data for Maximum Horizontal Variation, 70023
- Sources of Reference Extreme Values for Countries Other Than UK, 82026
- see also
- Aerofoils
- Extrapolation to full scale Reynolds Number, 07010, 09015, 09016, 11006
- In Open-Jet or Ventilated-Wall or Solid-Wall Tunnel
- blockage on drag, flow parameters and velocity, 76028
- criterion for zero solid blockage, 76028
- discussion of order of application of corrections, 76028
- lift interference on aerodynamic centre, incidence, lift and loading, 76028
- Correction of Forces, Pressures, Strouhal Numbers and Velocities
- application of Maskell's and Cowdrey's methods, 80024
- application of streamlined-body methods, 80024
- elimination of lift-dependent term in drag correction, 80024
- methods using wall pressure measurements, 80024
- Critical Reynolds Number, 80024
- Discussion of Causes and Effects of Blockage, 80024, 81021
- Recommended Methods, 80024
- Summary of Methods Available, 80024
- Testing for Blockage Effects
- practical considerations, 80024
- Extrapolation to full scale Reynolds Number, 07010, 09015, 09016, 11006, 12006
- Solid-Liner Tunnel at Subsonic Speeds
- aerodynamic centre position and aft shift due to interference upwash, 95014
- angle of attack to give same vortex drag and lift as in free air, 95014
- variation of interference upwash spanwise and mean value, 95014
- Analysis of wind-tunnel data to determine installed tailplane lift-curve slope (Appendix A), 89029
- Considerations in Model Design, Measurement Techniques and Defining Test Programme, 97017
- Determination of Buffet Onset and Severity of Buffeting on Wings, 87012
- extrapolation of results to full-scale, 87012
- Extrapolation to full scale Reynolds Number, 07010, 09015, 09016, 11006, 12006
- Measurement of average downwash angle at the tailplane (Section 7.1.2), 97021
- Model Testing to Measure Building Damping for Wind Response, 83009
- Practical Considerations in Representative Modelling for Bluff Bodies, 77032, 80024
- Predicting First Resonant Frequency in Ventilated-Wall With Plenum Chamber
- limit for flutter or dynamic testing, 90005
- Transition Fixing, 09015, 09016, 14007
- Aerodynamic Centre of Net Wing (Section 5.3), TD MEMO 6309
- Angle of Attack for Zero Lift
- cambered and twisted wings with approximately circular-section fuselage, 89042
- Axisymmetric Body With Sharp-Edged Delta, Cropped Delta or Rectangular Wings of Low Aspect Ratio
- normal force in supersonic flow to high angles of attack, 91042
- pitching moment in supersonic flow to high angles of attack, 92043
- Body Geometry
- effect on drag, lift and pitching moment due to flaps, 97003
- effect on rolling moment due to sideslip, 00025, 73006
- effect on yawing moment due to sideslip, 00025, 79006
- Design of Wing-Body Intersection to Control Pressure Distribution in Transonic Flow, 97017
- Drag-Rise Mach Number
- relationship to that of basic aerofoil, 78009
- High/Low Wing Position
- effect on drag, lift and pitching moment due to flaps, 97003
- effect on rolling moment due to sideslip, 00025, 73006
- Lift-Curve Slope of Missile-Type
- mid-wing configuration at low incidence in subsonic or supersonic flow, 91007
- Lift of Missile-Type
- effect of wing height at low incidence in subsonic or supersonic flow, 95009
- Pitch-Break
- prediction of type based on wing planform geometry, 01005
- Pitching Moment at Zero Lift
- cambered and twisted wings with approximately circular-section fuselage, 89042
- Position of Aerodynamic Centre for Missile Type (Truncated Rear Body)
- effect of wing height at low incidence in subsonic or supersonic flow, 95009
- mid-wing configuration at low incidence in subsonic or supersonic flow, 92024
- Position of Aerodynamic Centre for Transport Aircraft Type (Smoothly Tapered Rear Fuselage)
- effect of fuselage geometry, 76015
- effect of rear-fuselage nacelle geometry and position, 78013
- effect of underwing nacelle geometry and position, 77012
- effect of wing sweep, 76015
- program for wing-body-nacelle combinations, 13009
- Rolling Moment Due to Rolling at Supersonic Speeds
- effect of interfence on wing from cylindrical body, AERO A.S.06.03.02
- three- or four-wing arrangements on cylindrical body, AERO A.S.06.03.01, AERO A.S.06.03.03
- Swept Straight-Tapered Planar Wings to High Angles of Attack at Subsonic Speeds
- prediction of lift and lift dependent drag, 95025
- Upwash Induced at Any Point Upstream of Wing
- estimation component-by-component taking account of interference, 90020
- Use of Vane Vortex Generators to Control Separation in Wing-Body Junction, 93024
- Velocity Distribution on Wing (Section 8.4), 73012
- see also
- Wing Geometry
- Effect on Velocity Distribution (Section 8.3), 73012
- Length and Position of Aerodynamic and Geometric (or Standard) Mean Chords
- straight-tapered planforms, or planforms with cranks or sawteeth, 10023, 76003, TM 168
- Relationship Between Control/Wing Chord Ratios in Different Planes, 74009
- Relationship Between Sweeps of Different Percentage Chord Lines, 10023, 76003
- Relationship Between Thickness/Chord Ratios in Different Planes, 74009
- Representation of Cranked Planform by Straight-Tapered Planform, 10023, 76003, 95010
- Consideration of Design Features
- planform, section, incidence setting and twist, and junction design, 98013
- Discussion of Wing Design to Include to Reduce Trailing Vortex Drag, 98013
- added to existing wing with or without span constraint, 98013
- incorporated in initial design, 98013
- methods of aerodynamic analysis available, 98013
- Effect of Combined Lower and Upper Elements, 98013
- Examples of Trailing Vortex Drag Reduction With Lift and Wing Root Bending Moment Constrained
- various winglet lengths and cant angles (including wing tip extension), 98013
- Simplified Assessment of Effect on Range of Civil Transport, 98013
- When Added to Existing Wing Design
- comparison of benefits with those from wing tip extension, 98013
- effect of wing loading distribution on benefits, 98013
- Aerodynamic Centre
- spanwise distribution in subsonic flow, TD MEMO 6309
- subsonic flow, 70011
- supersonic flow, 70012
- Aerodynamic Characteristics
- limits of linearity in low-speed flow, 88030
- Analogous Wing Concept, 73012
- Buffeting Behaviour
- effect of aspect ratio, camber, thickness and sweep, 87012
- variation with angle of attack and Mach number, 87012
- Calculation of Bending Moment, Loading and Torque on in Steady Level Asymmetric Flight
- sideslipping, turning or with failed engine, 01010
- Centre of Pressure
- program for position for wings with camber and twist, 95010
- program for position for wings with camber, twist and deflected plain flaps, 95010
- spanwise position for wings with camber and twist, 83040
- spanwise position for wings with symmetric section, TD MEMO 6403
- Concept and Preliminary Design Examples of Applying Rapid Aerodynamic Analysis Tools to Three Classic Historical Configurations Designed to Similar Requirements, TM 207
- Contribution to Airframe Noise, 90023
- Critical Pressure Coefficient
- estimation, 75027
- Deformation in Bending and Twist Using Orthogonal Modes, 97032
- Deformation Using Normal Modes, 99033
- Discussion of Design to Include Winglets to Reduce Trailing Vortex Drag
- added to existing wing with or without span constraint, 98013
- incorporated in initial design, 98013
- Discussion of Effect of Control or Flap Gaps on Aerodynamic Characteristics, 92039
- Discussion of Spanwise Variation of Chordwise Pressure Distribution
- at transonic speeds, 90008
- Drag Due to Excrescences
-
- see also
- Excrescences
- examples of calculation of contribution of typical excrescences on transport aircraft, 93032
- method to calculate momentum thickness increase due to transition trip using sparsely distributed ballotini, 13013
- relative importance of typical excrescences (and their fit/sealing) on transport aircraft, 93032
- Drag Estimation
- use of simple sweep rules, 97016
- use of strip theory for swept, 97016
- Drag-Rise Mach Number
- estimation using charts relating to aerofoils, 72027
- influence of fuselage, 78009
- Effect of Static Deformation on Load Distribution, 96037
- Estimation of Upwash Induced at Any Point Upstream of Wing, 90020
- Factors to Consider in Wing/Winglet Optimum Design, 98013
- analysis of Boeing and Douglas wing modification studies, 98013
- Fatigue Life Estimation
- Flow Separation
- prediction of leading- or trailing-edge on plane, cambered or twisted, 88030
- validation against RAE Model W4, 13013
- validation of pressures and integral boundary layer data against M2155, 13013
- Flutter Calculations
- use of aerodynamic data for aerofoils, 81034
- Guide to Design in Transonic Flow
- body intersection shaping to control pressure distribution, 97017
- desirable features of pressure distribution in two- or three-dimensions, 97017
- pylon shaping to control pressure distribution, 97017
- step-by-step procedure, 97017
- structural considerations including effects of flexibility, 97017
- tip body shaping to control pressure distribution, 97017
- use of curvature distribution in two- or three-dimensions, 97017
- use of fences, stall strips, and vortex generators, 97017
- use of wind-tunnel testing, 97017
- Infinite Yawed
- relationship of three-dimensional flow to flow over two-dimensional surface, 90008
- Lift
- curve against angle of attack from zero to maximum, 96003
- prediction from leading-edge suction analogy, 95025
- program for non-planar and planar to high angles of attack, 96025
- program to predict, 99031
- straight-tapered planar to high angles of attack, 95025
- Lift at Zero Angle of Attack With Full- or Part-Span Flaps, 93019, 95021, 97002, 97009, 97011
- effect of drooped leading edge, slats or sealed slats, 96032
- effect of Kruger, vented or unvented, 96032
- introduction to Data Items on, 97002
- Lift at Zero Angle of Attack With Leading-Edge Full- or Part-Span High-Lift Devices, 96032
- effect of double-slotted flaps, 95021, 96032, 97002
- effect of plain flaps, 96032, 97002, 97011
- effect of single-slotted flaps, 93019, 96032, 97002
- effect of split flaps, 96032, 97002, 97009
- effect of triple-slotted flaps, 95021, 96032, 97002
- introduction to Data Items on, 97002
- Lift-Curve Slope
- effect of cut-out, AERO W.01.01.04
- prediction of initial non-linearity for plane, cambered or twisted, 88030
- subsonic flow, 70011, 95010
- supersonic flow, 70012
- Lift-Curve Slope From Zero to Maximum Lift
- program to predict, 99031
- with or without leading- and/or trailing-edge high-lift devices, 96003
- Lift Dependent Drag
- boundary layer contribution in subsonic flow, 66031, 66032, 95025, 96025
- effect of flap deployment, 97002, AERO F.02.01.08
- supersonic flow, AERO W.S.02.03.02
- trailing vortex contribution in subsonic flow, 10022, 74035
- Lift Force Due to Rate of Pitch
- contribution at subsonic speeds, 90010
- contribution at supersonic speeds, AERO W.S.08.03.02
- Local Flow Direction
- approximation from freestream Mach number, local pressure coefficient and isobar sweep, 93025
- Local Mach Number Normal to Isobars
- derivation for isentropic flow from pressure distribution, 75027
- M151 Forward-Swept Wing, 13013
- Maximum Lift With Leading-Edge Part- or Full-Span High-Lift Devices
- angle of attack for, 96003
- slotted or unslotted, or vented or unvented Kruger, 92031
- Maximum Lift Without High-Lift Devices, 89034, 93015
- angle of attack for, 96003
- program to predict, 99031
- Maximum Lift With Trailing-Edge Part- or Full-Span High-Lift Devices
- angle of attack for, 96003
- plain, slotted or split flaps with leading-edge high-lift devices undeployed, 91014
- program to predict, 99031
- with leading-edge high-lift devices deployed, 92031
- Pitch-Break
- prediction of type based on wing planform geometry, 01005
- Pitching Moment at Angle of Attack
- effect of double-slotted flaps, alone or with leading-edge high-lift devices, 01013, 03017, 99014
- effect of leading-edge high-lift devices, alone or with trailing-edge flaps, 00029, 01013, 03017
- effect of plain flaps, alone or with leading-edge high-lift devices, 01013, 03017, 98017
- effect of single-slotted flaps, alone or with leading-edge high-lift devices, 01013, 03017, 99004
- effect of split flaps, alone or with leading-edge high-lift devices, 01013, 03017, 98009
- effect of triple-slotted flaps, alone or with leading-edge high-lift devices, 01013, 03017, 99014
- Pitching Moment at Zero-Lift, 87001
- effect of Mach number, 87001
- effect of spanwise camber variation and twist, 87001
- Pitching Moment Due to Rate of Pitch
- contribution at subsonic speeds, 90010
- contribution at supersonic speeds, AERO W.S.08.03.02
- Pitching Moment for Wings With Camber and Twist
- program for spanwise distribution in subsonic flow, 95010
- Pitching Moment for Wings With Camber, Twist, and Deflected Plain Leading- and/or Trailing-Edge Flaps
- program for spanwise distribution in subsonic flow, 95010
- Pressure Distribution
- condition for streamwise distribution equivalent to that on aerofoil, 78009
- Profile Drag
- effect of deployment of plain flaps, 06014, 87024, AERO F.02.01.07
- effect of deployment of single slotted flaps, 08013, AERO F.02.01.07
- effect of deployment of split flaps, 74010, AERO F.02.01.07
- in shock-free attached flow, 07002, 07003
- lift dependent contribution, 07002, 07003, 66031, 66032, 95025, 96025
- Program for Swept Non-Planar and Planar to High Angles of Attack at Subsonic Speeds
- prediction of lift and lift dependent drag, 96025
- Rolling Moment Due to Rolling at Subsonic Speeds, AERO A.06.01.01
- Rolling Moment Due to Rolling at Supersonic Speeds
- effect of interference on wing from cylindrical body, AERO A.S.06.03.02
- three- or four-wing arrangements on cylindrical body, AERO A.S.06.03.01, AERO A.S.06.03.03
- Rolling Moment Due to Sideslip
- contribution in attached flow, 00025, 80033
- effect of full-span dihedral, 00025, AERO A.06.01.03
- effect of part-span dihedral, 00025, AERO A.06.01.09
- Rolling Moment Due to Yawing
- bibliography for separated flow, 72021
- contribution in attached flow, 72021
- dihedral and twist effects, 72021
- Separation
- use of vane vortex generators to control shock-induced, 93024, 93025
- Separation Prediction at Transonic Speeds
- criteria for flow break-down, 91021
- flow break-down boundary from pressure distribution and boundary layer characteristics, 91021
- Sharp-Edged Delta, Cropped Delta and Rectangular of Low Aspect Ratio
- centre of pressure in subsonic flow, 95022
- normal force and pitching moment in supersonic flow, 90013
- normal force in subsonic flow, 93034
- Sideforce Due to Rolling
- attached flow, 81014
- compressibility effects, 81014
- discussion of edge forces, 81014
- Similarity Laws Applied to Lift, Pitching Moment, Pressure and Pressure Drag Coefficients
- in subsonic, supersonic and transonic flows, 97025
- Simple Sweep Rules Applied to Drag, Lift and Pressure Coefficients, 97016
- Spanwise Loading
- for wings with camber and twist in subsonic flow, 83040
- for wings with symmetric section in subsonic flow, TD MEMO 6403
- program for wings with camber and twist in subsonic flow, 95010
- program for wings with camber, twist and deflected plain flaps in subsonic flow, 95010
- Spanwise Variation of Wave Drag
- calculation from surface curvature, shock sweep and local Mach number, 87003
- Strip Theory Applied to Drag Estimation, 97016
- Structure Weight Correlation With Root Bending Moment, 98013
- Swept Straight-Tapered Planar Wings to High Angles of Attack at Subsonic Speeds
- prediction of lift and lift dependent drag, 95025
- Trailing Vortex Drag of Cambered and Twisted or Plane
- in shock-free attached flow, 10022
- with or without trailing-edge flaps deployed, 01007
- Trailing Vortex Drag of Plane, 66031, 74035
- Trapezoidal Planform
- Mach number for supersonic leading- or trailing-edges, 75004
- spanwise distribution of leading-edge suction, and total suction, 94037, 94038
- Two Staggered or One in Combination With Fore- (or Tail-) Plane
- program for drag, trimmed with given static margin, 81023
- program for lift, trimmed with given static margin, 81023
- Typical Shock Patterns and Separation Lines
- swept wings in transonic flow, 90008
- Validation Against RAE Model W4, 13013
- Velocity Distribution
- interference effect of fuselage or other bodies (Section 8.4), 73012
- subsonic flow, 73012
- Viscous Full-potential (VFP) Method for Three Dimensional Wings and Wing-body Combinations
- estimation of excrescence drag at subsonic speeds and analysis program, 23013
- Wave Drag at Zero Lift
- biconvex or double-wedge sections, 75004
- With Spanwise Camber and Twist Distributions and Without High-Lift Devices
- maximum lift in subcritical flow, 89034, 93015
- Yawing Moment Due to Rolling
- attached and separated flow, 81014
- compressibility effects, 81014
- discussion of edge forces, 81014
- Yawing Moment Due to Yawing
- attached flow, 71017
- bibliography for separated flow, 71017
- Zero-Lift Angle of Attack in Subcritical Flow
- for wings with camber and twist, 87031, 93015
- see
- Gauzes
- Materials